Routine Activities Theory (RAT) and Reaction To Crime

Routine Activities Theory ( divulge) and Reaction To CrimeThe RAT also cognize as the routine activities conjecture was founded in 1979 by deuce theorists number Marcus Felson and Lawrence Cohen (Miller, Mitchell, Richard, 2006). It was a reaction to aversion rate in the US during the age of 1947-1974 states (Cohen Marcus, 1979). This was a sequence where both evil rate and economic conditions were change magnitude which make this a very popular theory reason for this was this theory was the only one to address villainy at this point in time. Felson and Cohen base their theory on the rational choice model, which meant raft made rational decision which was at their advantage and causing very picayune disadvantage (Akers Sellers, 2004). (Miller, Mitchell, Richard, 2006) The rational choice theory was the main concept in the classical school of criminology. Throughout this essay we will be face at whether the routine activities theory prevent crime or brush aside crim e.In orderliness for a crime to occur, Felson and Cohen state there be three key elements which need to be present in order for the crime to be successful, these three elements are a suitable tar puff, a motivated wrongdoer, and absence of undecided guardians (Cohen Marcus, 1979). (Akers Sellers, 2004) Suggests that if any of the three elements are to be missing the crime will not take place.The RAT is a frame produce which provides soul of how crime occurs. Crime could be altered by manipulating any of the elements, therefore the methodology behind the RAT is crime prevention, and focuses on how crime is made. RAT explains that crime is normal and depends on the opportunities. The ideal graphic symbol of crime which fits the profile of this theory is burglary. Burglary is a type of crime which is tidy sum be considered as a property crime, which is widespread in nigh all communities. There are two major problems which sewer be caused by this type of crimevictims lose their possessions and the other is the amount which the crime puts on the individual.Although the RAT is a new theory, it green goddess be give tongue to that this theory could help explain many crimes. The RAT is particularly successfully in explaining burglary.The RAT is a crime preventing methodology, only at time does it prevent crime from occurring besides or so of the time it burn downs crime. Since the RAT is based on peoples routine and patterns on daily activates, taking a perfect of a person who works Monday to Friday and return home after work has a very low chances of becoming a victim (assault and robbery), still if that person is to attend major events such as sports, gigs where the amount of polish off with people is huge are likely to become victims of a crime. in recent years there name been a lack of capable guardian and a pattern of excessive drinking which have caused decease of two girls, although this hasoccurred patterns and movement in everyday life have changed in the last 30 years. It has changed so dramatically that having to remove both guardians from the kinsperson is likely to reduce the offenders chances of getting caught during a day time burglary, the RAT argues the point that crime is unlikely to occur when the presences of element to exist (Cohen Marcus, 1979). about crime are result from exploited opportunity, rather than planning the crime they choose to vow crime spontaneously when the opportunity arises, some are more tempting then others. (Felson Clarke , 1998) has said that there are two acronyms which have been put in place to examine suitability of preys for crime, a VIVA (standing for value, inertia, visibility, and access) and b CRAVED concealable, removable, available, valuable, enjoyable, and disposability which are the elements of conceal ability and disposability (Clarke, 1999) distinct target which are worth value are portable and blue to get at.Since RAT looks at the patterns and movement of da ily activities for people it is peck prevent crime and also at the identical time displace crime, if a person can alter any of the three elements can crime could be prevented or displace depending on the outcome of the alteration. Reppetto (1976) has utter that there are five types of displacement.Spatial and territorial displacement-this happen to most common crimes, this is when crime is moved from one place to the other. Several researches have been made to see the movement for example (Chainey, 2000) found that CCTV is effect delegacy to see the reduction in elevator car thefts and robbery. However some auto theft occurred in surrounding areas, but robberies didnt.Temporal displacement occurs when there is a movement in time when occurring, the crime for example the offender moving from weekday morning to weekend morning, but crime occurs in the same area. Important to RAT as it analysis pattern and movement.Target displacement-occurs when offends cannot get their target d ue to target hardening and other strategies put in place to stop offenders such as dogs, house alarms etc.tactical displacement-when the criminal comes up with a new method of committing the crime, for example commandeer was easier 10-15 years ago than today.Functional displacement this occurs when it is difficult for an offender to commit and crime and is forced to commit another crime due to target hardening.In conclusion, there have been several approaches to studying victimology, they have suggested that the understanding the target, understanding the pattern and victim of crime that make offenders more spellbinding can provide important information and the examination of the crime. Knowing people and places where offenders are going to target and when the crime is likely to occur can be critical in preventing or reducing crime. The RAT is a perfect theory which provides patterns and analysis of day to day activities for individual who are a target, this also provides on whi ch was this attack can be prevented but mostly the way that is can be displaces. This is a piratical theory which can provide information to victims on how to prevent of displace crime f5rom occurring and make them feel safe.