We Need a Constitutional Amendment to Protect the American Flag Essay

We Must Fight for the Constitutional Amendment to Protect the American FlagFree speech and the setoff Amendment rights do not give people lisence to desecrate a symbol of pride and freedom. It is not all right to protect those who let it burn, lighting up the sky with their hatred. It definitely is not acceptable to insult the men and women who fight every day to protect this nation by burning the symbol of their labors. Therefore, it is all important(p) that the Supreme Court pass the amendment to the Constitution to protect the flag of the US. When people see Old Glory flying, the experience should take their breath away. From the Omaha beaches in Normandy, where all over three million soldiers stormed the German Nazis, to Iwo Jima, where the exhausted marines raised the proud flag, to the h...

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4) What does the future hold for the fashion industry in France?With many of Paris fashion houses being oer a century old, it is necessary that the houses to have successors for their head designers. In recent years, houses such as Chanel, Louis Vuitton, Yves Saint Laurent and Balmain have acknowledged new head designers and yeasty directors. When houses are changing such a critical role in their brand, they must be extremely careful that the successor will keep the join of what made the brand respected for so many years. Parisian houses are recognized for taking ample time in doing so, and they usually make the better(p) choice. In the near future, Paris and the rest of the Big Four will be facing some new competition. The Top 5 Quickest appear Fashion Markets are the major South American countries, China, Turkey, the UAE and Kazakhstan (Top 5 Emerging Markets). Many Asian and Middle Eastern cities are quickly edging their focussing up the Top 20 Fashion Capitals List.The rapid ly expanding Middle Eastern city of Dubai provides very western world lifestyle. The growth of Dubai has been constant since 1966 when oil was find in their land. In such a short time period, Dubai has gone from dependent upon trade and labor to the 22nd most expensive city in the world, and the most expensive in the Middle East. Many luxury brands that are coveted in Europe and the US like Hermes, Cartier and Louis Vuitton have thrived in this wealthy, metropolitan area. As of 2012, it was number 31 on the Top Fashion Capitals list and 1 in the Middle East according to the Global Language Monitor.With the influences of ring countries being a bit more ethnic, the cultural diversity is very strong. India is known for their rich, elaborat... ...the fashion industry for hundreds of years, as it is home to the worlds guide designers and has imbedded a natural sense of effortless style in its residents. Paris Fashion Week is the finale of the four fashion weeks and is tranquilize de pended upon for dictating next terms trends. The worlds most glamorous names in fashion like Yves Saint Laurent, Coco Chanel, Lanvin, Louis Vuitton, Hermes and many more are still based out of the city. Paris was home to the first fashion house and it was the city to coin the terms of haute couture and prt--porter. To this day use they implement high up standards and use unions to protect these sects of the industry. It is home to the Golden Triangle shopping districts of Champs-Elyses, Avenue Montaigne and Avenue Marceau. For these, and plenty of other reasons, France can still rightly claim its entitle of world fashion capital.

The Failures of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) :: Essays Papers

The Failures of the federal Aviation Administration (FAA) One hundred and ten people were killed on board ValueJets flight 592 May 11, 1996. Federal Aviation Administrations (FAA) failure to correct the problems found in an command contri hardlyed to this tragic crash (McKenna 59). FAA inspections are contributing to too many deaths on board major airlines. The corruption in the system has lead to many frightening statistics and problems but there are still a lot of improvements for the FAA. The FAAs failure to inspect and report malfunctions caused 26 cases of uncontained disk/spacers. Also 10 cases of uncontained blades, 9 reversers, 9 fires in the undercowl, 6 engine separations, 6 case ruptures and 1 cowl separation. Airworthy planes that fly into terrain are the leading cause of accidents. Pilots do not know where they are going in relation to the ground but the aircraft is under control. It has killed 2,396 people from 1987 to 1996. Statistics show that U.S. carriers are the safest in the world. However the Safer Skies program by NASA predicts by the year 2010 there will be 6 or 7 catastrophic accidents per year if changes are not made soon (Hilkovitch 4). The FAA acquired a reputation as the tombstone agency because it only addresses dangerous scenarios by and by fatal air disasters occur. General Accounting Office (GAO) found that inspectors often do not write up violations because they are dismissed and proposed fines are solidification aside by their superiors. FAA inspectors discovered that contractors painting several ValueJet airplanes improperly reinstalled rudders used to steer the plane. AirTran Airlines had falsified documents, improper maintenance, faulty repairs and repeated failures to supervise contractors. Here is an example of an inspection report for AirTran Airlines -- 3 instances of failing to properly calculate the proper weight and balance of aircraft to determine safe take off and landing speeds. -- A old pilot who oversees the qualifications of other pilots falsified information about the experience of an unspecified number of them. -- Failure to examine seven planes transponders, which sends out altitude and directional information to affair controllers, after the planes receive major overhauls. -- Improperly trained workers renovated an unspecified number of cabins to make way for larger business- class seats and modify the passengers emergency oxygen system (Associated Press 12).

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Hannah Ricks Ricks, 1Mrs. Miller English 1211 November 2013 genus genus Rosa Parks How classical are rights and equality? How many would walk 20 miles a day in rain or snow just to get the point across that bus segregation, among other forms of segregation are unjust or how many would be willing to give up their lives, jobs, protection for their families, homes, friends and others for change that is deserved? Rosa Louise McCauley Parks among many other civil right activists did just that. Rosa went through many struggles and trials in her life for the fight for freedom. She was an amazing example to only people, not just African Americans. Even though she wasnt well educated she still made a huge impact in society. By Rosa Parks refusing to give up her seat on the bus, she changed society in many ways she gave hope to those rac es that wanted change and equal rights for themselves. Rosa got her risque school diploma at age twenty thanks to encouragement of her husband Raymond she dropped out in eleventh grade to take care of her give and grandma. As children the pitch-dark students had to walk to their school, which was often inadequate while the whites had school buses that took them to their brand new school. As long as she could remember, there was a black world and a white world, the bus was among the first ways she realized it. Parks recalled a time when the Ku Klux Klan marched down the street in front of their kinsfolk while her grandfather guarded the front door with a shotgun, she could not ignore the racism of her society. Ricks, 2Rosa suffered many things in her life only some... ...t to accomplish this goalPresident Barack Obama unveiled a statue honoring Parks in the nations Capital building. He remembered Parks, according to The New York Times, by saying In a single moment, with the s implest of gestures, she helped change America and change the world. . . . And today, she takes her rightful place among those who var.d this nations course. Rosa Parks helped shape society into what it is today. Not all racism is gone but she made a huge impact, and tried her best to for equal rights to the oppressed. She gave so much in order for blacks to have a little bit of freedom. It took quite a while to make an impact but it had to start somewhere, and that somewhere was in the look of Rosa Parks, it was on that bus when she decided she had had enough, it was in all the Negros that joined in a gave their lives for equality and civil rights.

How significant is it that Croesus is not Greek, in Herodotus Histories? :: essays research papers

According to Herodotus, Croesus was the first non greek to come into contact with the GreeksHe was the first foreigner, so distant as we know to come in direct contact with the Greeks, both in the way of conquest and allianceAlthough this statement is unlikely to be true, the implication of Croesus not being Greek is obviously very high.Herodotus tells moral stories using historical figures, Croesus being one of them. For example, the story of him and Solon, which is almost certainly untrue when we perk Croesus ignoring a wise persons thoughts and advice. As his Histories were written for a Greek audience, it wouldnt have been wise to show a Greek to be so foolish and a barbarian like Croesus would have been a good person to choose.Herodotus, at the time of writing, would have been telling the histories to entertain Athenian people. For entertainments sake, Croesus being a foreigner would have been very important, as his life would be a new and untold story that his audience wou ldnt have heard before, whereas had he been a Greek, people knowing about him would have been highly likely.Croesus, we see, while being extremely generous towards the Delphic Oracle, questions and tests it and later makes mistakes in interpreting the prophecies. Any message Herodotus was trying to convey here, again is better done so through a non-Greek, being about foolish, rather than a Greek like his audience.The point of Herodotus Histories was to tell the story of the Persian Wars with background from both sides so to find a cause for it. He says in his opening paragraph

How significant is it that Croesus is not Greek, in Herodotus Histories? :: essays research papers

According to Herodotus, Croesus was the send-off non greek to come into contact with the GreeksHe was the first foreigner, so far as we know to come in direct contact with the Greeks, both in the way of conquest and allianceAlthough this statement is supposed(prenominal) to be true, the significance of Croesus not being Greek is obviously very high.Herodotus tells moral stories using historical figures, Croesus being one of them. For example, the story of him and Solon, which is almost sure enough untrue when we see Croesus ignoring a wise persons thoughts and advice. As his Histories were written for a Greek audience, it wouldnt have been wise to show a Greek to be so foolish and a barbarian like Croesus would have been a good person to choose.Herodotus, at the time of writing, would have been cogent the histories to entertain Athenian people. For entertainments sake, Croesus being a foreigner would have been very important, as his life would be a new and much(prenominal) stor y that his audience wouldnt have heard before, whereas had he been a Greek, people knowing about him would have been highly likely.Croesus, we see, while being extremely generous towards the Delphic Oracle, questions and tests it and later makes mistakes in interpreting the prophecies. Any message Herodotus was trying to convey here, again is better done so through a non-Greek, being somewhat foolish, rather than a Greek like his audience.The point of Herodotus Histories was to tell the story of the Persian Wars with background from both sides so to find a cause for it. He says in his opening paragraph

Infancy and Early Childhood Paper Essay

I believe Piagets theory of cognitive cookment better(p) explains the cognitive development both in infancy and early youngsterhood. His theory is explained by a theory of cognitive organization called schemes. Schemes are the actions or affable representations that organize knowledge (Santrock, 2008, p. 94). According to his theory, schemes change with age in other speech communication, they are action-based (motor patterns) at first and then gradually change to a psychic (thinking) level. There are several key terms that explain Piagets process of developmental change those include adaptation, assimilation, accommodation, organization, and equilibration.sensorimotor stage is the first of the Piagets theory of cognitive development. It lasts from birth to the about 2 years of age, where cognizance of the world is limited to what can be known through sensory awareness and motor acts. Furthermore, Piaget divided the sensorimotor stage into six sub-stages 1) simple reflexes (2) first habits and primary bankers bill reactions (3) supplemental aviator reactions (4) coordination of secondary circular reactions (5) tertiary circular reactions, novelty, and curiosity and (6) internalization of schemes (Santrock, 2008, p. 96).Reflexive Schemes this is present in newborns. Initially, the infants actions are coordinated through reflexive behaviors, much(prenominal) as rooting and sucking. precisely gradually the infant produces behaviors that resemble reflexes in the absence of the usual stimulus for the reflex (Santrock, 2008).Primary circular reactions it develops between 1 and 4 months of age. In this stage, infants incur to adapt their reflexes to their environment simple motor habits are centered around own body (Caulfield, 2001)Secondary circular reactions it develops between 4 and 8 months of age. The concentrate of infants exploration shits to external events. Infants develop awareness that objects continue to exist even when not in sight at about 8 months of age (Caulfield, 2001)Coordination of secondary circular reactions develops between 8 and 12 months of age. Infants suffer to demonstrate intentional behavior and anticipate events they coordinate separate actions to achieve desired goals (Caulfield, 2001).Tertiary circular reactions develops between 12 and 18 months of age. Infants reach an advanced level of proficiency they begin to explore properties of objects through novel actions (Caulfield, 2001).Internalization of schemes develops between 18 and 24 months of age. Their ability to represent the external world internally begins to develop, also called as symbolic representation. Also, deferred imitation, the ability to retain and copy a representation of an observed behavior, begins to develop (Caulfield, 2001).I also believe Piagets theory best explains the cognitive development in early childhood as well. His Preoperational period, the second stage of Piagets theory of cognitive development lasts from approximatel y 2 to 7 years of age. In this age, children begin to represent the world with words, images, and drawings. Not only that, they begin to fig stable concepts and embark on reasoning (Santrock, 2008, p. 145). Also, egocentricism (inability to distinguish between ones own perspective and someone elses perspective) and magical beliefs also begin to play a role in childs cognitive development. There are different sub-stages of the preoperational stage.Symbolic function sub-stage is the first sub-stage of the pre-operational supposition. In this stage, the child has the capability to mentally represent an object that is not physically present. This stage occurs between the ages of 2 and 4 years of age.The Intuitive Thought Sub-stage, the second sub-stage of preoperational thought that generally occurs between 4 and 7 years of age. In this stage, children are tempted to ask many questions. In other words, one of the most prominent words for the children around this age is why. There are many similarities and differences between the Piagets theory of cognitive development that explains infancy and early childhood.Similarities some(prenominal) the selected theories that I believe best describes cognitive development in infancy and early childhood come from Piaget.Both theories comport stages (Sensorimotor and preoperational) and are further divided into sub-stages.Both theories rely on the assumption that infants and children actively construct an understanding of the world.Both theories give a time frame of when the stages and the sub- stages occurBoth theories have limitations.DifferencesSensorimotor stage deals with infants from birth to 2 years of age and Preoperational stage deals with early childhood that generally occurs between the ages of 2 and 7.Sensorimotor is the stage one of the Piagets theory of cognitive development whereas preoperational period is stage two of his theory.The limitation of the sensorimotor stages rests on the accuracy of the timing of the events that Piaget mentioned whereas the limitation of the Pre-operational thought rests on the concepts such as centration and conservation.Therefore, in this paper, I have considered Piagets theory to explain cognitive development in both infancy and early childhood. I have also considered the similarities and differences between the two theories.ReferencesCaulfield, R. A. (2001). Infants and toddlers. Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice HallSantrock, J. W. (2008). Essentials of life-span development. NY McGraw-Hill.

Women and Marriage

This paper presents an in-depth discussion well-nigh the changing relationship amongst women and conglutination. Economic factors, a rise in feminism, p atomic number 18nts exploit, attitudes about awaken, educational pursuits, and disjoin statistics atomic number 18 discussed and their influence on womens attitudes toward marriage atomic number 18 explored. Cultural changes that rent tingeed womens lives argon also examined. The purpose of the paper is to explore the changes impact women, their attitudes toward marriage, and their promiseations of marriage.This paper every(prenominal)ow for primarily concentrate on the question of why women delay marriage. The ources used to develop this paper be published journals, the text for this race along with other books re tardyd to this issue, and the The Changing Relationship between Women and Marriage Over the past four decades there has been substantial changes in the attitudes toward marriage among women in the United St ates. These attitudes relate to gender roles and social changes in todays society and gestate contributed to women marrying later than their ancestors married.Studies coming into court up American women are waiting long-term than ever to get married. Their median age at first marriage hit a record high of 24. years in 1994, up from 20 years in the mid 1950s (Crispell, 1996). Thats the oldest age since the Census Bureau started to ask about age at marriage in 1890. Of fly the coop postponing marriage means an increase, at any given time, in the number of people who have never wed, and that is also reflected in the census study. From 1970 to 1994 the number of Americans elder 18 and oer who never married much than than doubled from 21. million to 44. 2 million. Addition all(prenominal)y, women may be little likely to marry in the future.Projections show the proportion of never married women increasing between 1992 and 2010 for all age groups under 55 (Crispell). According to Allen & Kalish (1984), the timing of a first marriage is related to the attractiveness of the alternatives to marrying. When women value roles that provide viable alternatives to the role of wife, they delay marriage. The role of women has undergone significant transformation brought about by changes in society. straightaways families are smaller and live chronic, thereby allowing women to devote a smaller part of their lives to raising children than was the case in earlier times (Allen & Kalish). Thus, much time is leftover for other pursuits. A muliebrity who enters her first marriage at an older ge is slight likely to exchange dependence on her parents for dependence on a husband (Unger & Crawford, 1992). Elder (1974) found that women who married later were more likely to have charges, financial stability and be middle class as opposed to lower class background.What has transformed societal attitudes toward marriage so that small women delay it, older women get out of it, and somewhat women skip it all in all? Economic factors, a rise in feminism, parental influences, attitudes about sex, educational pursuits, and the divorce rate have all undergone significant cultural changes and are among ome of the reasons be ascribe for influencing the ideas women have about marriage. Lets examine these influences and the attitudes of women which determine their decision to marry or delay marriage.We will also examine the expectations of marriage that todays educated women may have and how these expectations disaccord from other womens Economic factors have resulted in women working outside the home, and have had a strong influence over a womans decision to marry. The ever increasing opportunities for women to work outside the home make her less and less dependent, economically, upon a husband (Casler, 1974, p. 30).Late marrying women indicated that careers took relative precedence over marriage during the period of their lives when their less achievement oriented peers were opting for marriage (Allen & Kalish, p. 141). Women now in the assiduity market want more than just a job, and therefore, actively pursue a career. Between 1969 and 1979, for example, percentages of women endorsing wanting to be an authority in my field increased from 54. 3% to 70. 5% and in 1979 were only 4. 8% lower than the percentage for men.Women endorsing wanting to raise a family declined in these years from 77. % to64. 8% which equals the percentage for men. Long, Beckers (1981) theories of marriage and family behavior hypothesize that womens increasing labor force participation has had a critical and presumably irreversible impact on the family. If half of all marriages are to fail, and with alimony for ex-wives less common, a woman can non count upon marriage for a lifetime of economic security (Allen & Kalish). workforces economic status has substantially deteriorated since the 1970s (Oppenheimer, 1994). The median income of men aged 25 to 34 fell b y 26% between 1972 and 1994 (Koontz, 1997).The understructure of marriage underwent a particularly rebellious and ramatic shift when women entered the work force. People dont have to stay married because of economic forces now . . . we are in the midst of trying to renegotiate what the marriage contracts is what men and women are suppose to do as partners (Gleick, 1995). Studies show the lowest marriage rate of all is for women professionals (i. e. , doctors, lawyers). While over three-fourths of all women in the United States aged 35 to 39 are married, fewer than two thirds of these are professional women.Further, when they do marry, professional women are more likely to divorce than their age peers. As for hildbearing, these women have significantly fewer children than their nonprofessional counterparts, when they have children at all (Allen & Kalish). In the case of having children Oppenheimer argues that the major component of the cost of children is the indirect cost the cos t of the mothers time (p. 295). A rise in feminism is credited for being another strong influence in womens lives.Feminism movements, with emphasis upon educational and vocational achievements for women, front to encourage departure from traditional sex roles which were chiefly organized around marriage and children, and toward more extensive careers for omen, especially those who are well educated (Becker). Even though not all young person women label themselves feminists, the idea that women can and should have aspirations other than wife and mother has been widely accepted (Unger & Crawford, pg. 364). While it is true the womans movement has do significant progress in its attempt to equalize opportunities, the situation continues to be blatantly unjust. It has been said that marriage diminishes man, which is often true but almost incessantly it annihilates woman (Casler, p. 30).Women, struggling to rise above the housewife role, have a strong esire to be cute for some of the same qualities men are valued for ambition, intelligence, and independence. Unfortunately, subservient status of the married woman is deeply embedded in history. Conventional matrimony is seen by some to be a major stumbling close in the pass toward womens liberation (Casler, pg. 177).Modernization has inevitably led to the growth of individualism with its emphasis on the importance of self fulfillment as opposed to the subordination of individual needs (Oppenheimer). As a result, women not only are beginning to lead less traditional lives, but are also ncreasingly tolerant of differences in life styles among others (Becker). The old status order that granted men a privileged position in the family is crumbling. Proponents of womens authority have emphasized the effect of womens education and income on their decision making authority within the household (Lundberg & Pollack, 1996).Policies that empower women have been supported with claims that they will increase the well being of children. The belief that kids do better when their mothers control a larger fraction of family has been proven (Lundberg & Pollack). Parental influence and upbringing, no doubt, have a enetrating influence on a womans ideas and her perceptions on marriage. Several studies have focused on parents influence on a womans marital timing. Late marriers had less dating experience and more parental restrictions than earlier marriers did (Elder).It was found that the parents of late marrying women did not stress education and career over marriage but, valued career in its own right in such a way that they provided their daughters with permission to pursue a non-normative path (Allen & Kalish). So, it appears that parents of late marrying women have put less pressure on their daughters to marry han parents of the normative groups. In studies of womens educational achievements and family influences, it seems that women who pursue higher education goals and careers during the modal(a) marr ying years have, if not encouragement, at least acceptance of their choice by their parents.Furthermore, fathers occupation and education and mothers education chronicle for one-half of the variance in marital timing for women, which is consistent with the idea that both parents support their daughter in academic and career achievement if they themselves have achieved more (Allen & Kalish). In another tudy, parents of high educational and occupational level status, exert positive influences on their daughters education and career plans. running(a) mothers or mothers who are career oriented, tend to influence their daughters in that direction.A close relationship with parents and identification with their fathers are also positive predictors of career orientations of young women. A number of studies also have indicated that women who marry late are close to their parents. Frequently, their career goals are consistent with their family backgrounds (Allen & Kalish). Modern attitudes about sex are also influencing women. Traditionally, marriage was seen as a way to legitimize sexual relations. With the arrival of easily available birth control, sexual freedom is no longer a reward to be associated with marriage (Allen & Kalish).Premarital sex and living together arrangements have become more acceptable to many (Unger & Crawford). Women who married late will have been more able to have adequate sexual lives before marriage than women who married during the average marrying years. Late marriers considered premarital sex more acceptable than normative marriers. Willingness to participate in intimate personal and sexual elationships outside of marriage reduces the attractiveness of the The pursuit of an education is another significant influence on women, with the level of education achieved by women being directly related to their marital age (Elder).College attendance among women has doubled one out of five women obtained some college education in the mid 1960s c ompared to two out of five in the early 1980s. With their rapid increase in college attendance, by 1983 women constituted over half of the student body at two-year colleges and closed to half of the students attending four-year colleges (McLaughlin, 1988, . 35). The most dramatic changes have occurred in the professions of law and medicine. The number of women beseeming lawyers increased from 230 in 1960 to approximately 12,000 in 1982 up from 3 to 33% of all lawyers.Similarly, the number of women who received medical degrees increased from 3% in 1960 to approximately 4,000 in 1981, representing a jump from 6 to 25% of all medical degrees. Women are also rapidly growing in the professions of architecture and business administration, professions antecedently dominated by males. By 1985 women were earning half of all bachelor and master degrees and over a hird of the docto order, compared to the 42% of all bachelor degrees, 32% of master degrees and 10% of all doctorates in the 1960 s (ONeill, 1989).The result is that both education and experience levels of the female labor force have begun to increase at a winged rate than they have for the male labor force (McLaughlin). Koontz found that highly educated women in professional careers are less likely than women in general to be involved in marriage and parenting. In recent decades, the percentage of young women obtaining advanced degrees and pursuing a professional career has increased dramatically. Between 1971 and 1980 the percentage of women aged 30-39 who completed four or more years of college rose from 10. 3 to 18. 8 percent (Koontz).A positive relationship between educational attainment and the timing A womans completed fertility level is also highly correlated with her educational attainment in part because of the effect of decelerate childbearing on fertility. educational attainment is negatively associated with the likelihood that women will ever marry and/or bear children. Educational attainment i s also related to the likelihood of divorce, for women but not for men. Women who have ompleted six or more years of college have significantly higher rates of divorce than woman at all other education levels, except high school drop-outs.High levels of education by women is highly predictive of delayed and reduced involvement in marital and parental Acknowledging the prevalence of divorce may influence a womans future decision to marry. throne of young women have seen unhappy marriages as they grew up giving them an understandable fear of committing themselves. This may account for the rapid growth in the proportion of women rejecting marriage. We all know the statistics alf of all marriages in the United States end in divorce and nearly a third of all children are born out of wedlock.As a result four out of 10 kids dont live with both of their biological parents (Chollar, 1993). Delayed marriage and continued high divorce levels will combine to shrink the share of currently mar ried men and women in most age groups. In the 21st century, men will confront more married than women because of the surplus of adult women in all but the under age 25 group (McLaughlin). Gottman found that a major accusation of divorced women was that their ex-husbands had the majority of power.Moreover, it is still overwhelming women, not men, who are called upon to adjust their work lives to the demands of child rearing by quitting their jobs, working parttime or choosing a flexible job over one that offers higher pay (Cherlin, 1990). Women are also showing less patience with problem marriages as growing numbers unravel the The decline in the ideal of marital permanence one of the most well documented value changes among Americans in recent decades also has tended to make persons less willing and able to make the needed commitments to and investments in marriage (Gleick, 1993, p. ). While entering into marriage with the utmost care and deepest good will can only be to the go od, it may be marriage itself along with the most basic institutions like the work place that continues to need refining (Gleick, p. 28). Todays women, all too aware of the current divorce numbers, may be hesitant to enter into I would say were in a stalled revolution . . . women have gone into the labor force, but not much else has changed to adapt to that new situation.We have not rewired the notion of manhood so that it makes gumption to men to participate at home (Gleick, pg. 56). Many married women report although their role has changed when they entered the work force, men primary have kept doing what they have everlastingly been doing, thus, putting additional burdens on women (Gleick). However it seems that it is not the increased workload itself but rather the increased inequality that makes mothers less satisfied with their marriages than nonmothers (Unger & Crawford, pg. 75).Men are making some progress though, in taking on household tasks, including child care, but wo men still shoulder most of the One of the most likely reasons for the decline in marital success is an increase in what persons expect of marriage. The levels of intimacy, emotional support, companionship, and sexual gratification that people believe they should get from marriage differ because of the breakdown of what it means to be husband or wife.Whereas, until recently, the rights and obligations of spouses were prescribed culturally and fairly well understood by just about everyone, they have become a matter for regulation in the individual marriages for some this has led to discord and Altogether then, cultural changes related to sex roles would seem to produce different expectations of marriage. A woman who has supported herself to the age of 25 or above and has lived on her own ntil that age has had time to get more education, be exposed more to a variety of view points and experiences, and therefore, is more likely to expect a peer relationship with her husband.All in all, she is more likely than a younger woman to enter marriage with a well developed sense of self worth and broad horizons for her life (Unger & Crawford, pg. 364). Compared with a woman who marries younger she is more likely to expect a more traditional relationship in which the husband is dominant (Everett, 1991). According to Everett, younger women expect greater communication, companionship, and ompatibility with their spouses than older women.Possibly younger women, still maturing, have not yet developed their own sense of self worth and, therefore, depend on their spouse to fulfill their needs of worthiness. As opposed to older women who, in most cases, have a more The traditional bargain struck between men and women financial support for domestic services is no longer valid. Women have shown outstanding improvements in education, and played a major part in the work force. With education and occupation in their hands, women do not need to rely on men for economic support, thus marriage s not an immediate concern anymore.However, it should be noted that when both husband and wife are employed the marriage is given an Nonetheless, all of these changes have spurred women to greater autonomy. distributively has affected marriage in a different way, but all have worked in unity toward the same result to make marriage less urgent and more arbitrary. Marriage may change for the better if people are committed to making the institution work, although in a new format. Still, studies show young adult women still care about marriage enough that the conflict between work life and family life remains intense.

Feminism of Poverty Essay

The feminism of meagreness good deal be described as a movement in political, economic and social equating for women, and is closely related to Liberalism. Feminism sees discrimination as a distinction of un be treatment from all social, political and economic access for women. Feminism of meagreness reaches all women, B pretermit, White, Asian or English. It has been around since the beginning of time. Women contract taken the role of m some other, maid, cook and lover.They did non have the right to vote, own property nor work. It was not until 1848, when women demanded the enfranchisement for the ballot (vote), became vociferous. In 1869 2when Black men were given the vote in the 15th Amendment, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton refused to endorse the amendment, because it did not give women the vote and to become equal to their counter parts. http//teacher.scholastic.com/activities/suffrage/history.htm Even back then women were reduced to mere servants and those t hat did not have a family or husband lived in poverty two black and white. Women suffrage and poverty did not only exist here in the United States, these social political and economic inequalities were felt around the beingness Such as in Great Britain, Europe, Finland and Africa, other third world countries also had social issues pertaining to poverty. Those most likely to live in poverty in the U.S. argon women and children.This is referred to as the feminization of poverty increasingly the poor included unwed mothers, separated and divorced mothers, serving as the head of households (Basirico, et al, 2010). It is Known that women argon much much likely to be poor than men, and that the impact of fiscal policy on the distribution of income is the main reason that women in the U.S. are more likely to be poor than women in other countries www.questia.com/search/feminization-poverty In the United States, in many communities there are individuals who live in poverty and cannot take foreboding of themselves and their children especially women. So they become homeless living in shelters, cars, cardboard boxes, live on the streets, sleep on park benches, doorways or in major cities they may sleep in subways, because they have no income to support themselves.For example women have become prostitutes and shoplifters in order to feed themselves and their family/families. Of the braggart(a) poor who do not, about forty percent work at jobs that pay so little that they fall below the poverty line and trinity of their children are poor also. Because they do not have viable jobs they cannot support their children or themselves, so they are still under the umbrella of the feminism of poverty. From 1951-2008 of the women who worked in the U.S. their pay gap was 64-71 cents for every dollar earned by men http//www.infoplease.com Women have fought for equal pay & rights since 1848, and as of 2009, 30 percent of women who are heads of families with no husband present hav e income below the poverty line. Demographics have shown that these individuals are the most likely group to be chronically poor. The U.S. Census, Labor and the Economics Statistics of the segment of commerce shows in a study that the trends and conditions of women( two to three times)are still lower than men and the feminism of poverty is still a growing apprehension today as of March 2011 (Basirico, et al, 2010).With these continued disparities we will continue to be faced with the Feminism of poverty, because society has turned a deaf ear on the issues of women and children, they look the other way when it comes to providing for those within their own clownish, but they are quick to jump on the band wagon in the plight for other countries. We as a society have our priorities mixed up if we are rich the attitude is according to Newt Gingrich I dont care about the poor. If we are middle class we have the mentality that Im just surviving myself. And if we are already poor we have the tendency to share. The same can be said about the church every Sunday we go to church and take up a almsgiving offering to help the poor and when they need help in most cases they are turned away. The church is supposed to help those in need by mode of the giving of food, shelter, clothes and money. But we have become so modernized and have forgotten to obey Gods laws that we have lost push-down store of the word give. From the many issues that involve the feminism of poverty the best theory that applies to this particular issue is the deviation theory a social theory that views conflict as inevitable and natural and as a significant cause of social change (Basirico, et al, 2012).The feminism of poverty relates to the two classes that Marx saw those who own the means of product (rich) and those who provide the labor (poor), in an economic system that supports inequality, the exploited eventually revolt. Women were submissive for so long that they began to demand equal righ ts just as their counter part and blacks had. They had a need to become their own person, but throughout history even though they made near they still were under played, poor and were listed as most likely to remain that way as they are today. In the scope of feminism of poverty it can be said that society is ion a state of constant change.Male against female and workers against employer, those that have power, wealth and prestige will always be in conflict with others (poor) that do not. Because there are limited commodities and demand exceeds the supply, those that are in control of those desirable goods, services and resources will defend and protect their interest. Those who are poor and living in poverty especially (women & children) are a threat to the rich and middle class. So they are suppressed through the lack of jobs, education, money, welfare and healthcare. Women social status of wages disparities, ownership (men) and motherhood result from degradation and exploitatio n by men and eventually is/was a cause of the feminism of poverty. If our society (government) do not put in place laws that will protect, serve and help our women and children who live in poverty. Though more workforce programs, jobs, healthcare and education we will eventually become as other third world countries. If Canada can do this why cant we the riches country in the world do so? ReferenceBasirico, L.A., Cashion, B.J. & Eshleman, J.R. (2012). Introduction to Sociology. (5th ed). Redding, CAhttp//www.infoplease.com/htmlhttp//teacher.scholastic.com/activities/suffarge/history.htm www.questia.com/search/feminization-poverty

The Secrets Behind the Secret Life of Bees

Style Analysis English Honors 1 30 April 2012 The Secrets fuck The Secret Life of Bees Novelist Sue monastic Kidd in her book The Secret Life of Bees illustrates Lily Owens journey as she overcomes the irrationalities of racism, discovers the power of the female community, and defines the importance of storytelling. Kidds finding is to convey that even though society might drag a person down, the person still has someone who believes in them. She also wants bulk to be able to recognize how real racism and loneliness is, what one can do to rise above it, and how not to put all of ones dreams into one belief.Kidd uses glorious imagery, poetic thingmabobs and a unique dialogue to assist making the point of views on racism in the 1960s, Lilys journey to finding a dep oddmentable role model, and the truth she craves so deeply, clear. Kidd uses a unique display of the southern vernacular in her novel, to stress the racism that occurs in the setting of the book. To exemplify the ra cism in the story, the characters in the novel talk in slang. When Rosaleen, Lily Owens companion and maid, pours tobacco juice on a white mans shoe, Lily defines how severely the situation is because the man Rosaleen poured snuff juice on was the biggest nigger-hater in Sylvan (37-38).This makes the racism towards Rosaleen clear by the use of the derogatory word nigger in the dialogue. Use of this word creates a feeling of anger deep down the reader. Another example of how Kidd uses dialogue in the novel to enhance racism is near the end of the novel when Lily and Becca, sit at the tables in school. Lily is speaking to the reader and explaining how she and Becca have reputations as nigger lovers, (301) because they hang around and stand up for Zach, Lilys Afro-American crush.This displays one of the m some(prenominal) irrationalities of racism by demonstrating how people can stereotype those who hang around colored people. Kidd also uses dialogue as an amazing device to express the mood and tone of the book. Near the end of the story, Zach converses with Lily. He says, We cant be together now, but one day, after Ive foregone away and become somebody, Im gonna find you, and well be together then (231). Zach makes this comment because he realizes that racism exists in the world and takes it upon himself to become a bigger man and see through it.Overall, Sue monk Kidd created the dialogue in the southern vernacular to help elevate the tone of the novel, help people better understand the setting and to assist the reader in envisioning the scenes. Sue Monk Kidd mainly resorts to the use of tropical language to help the reference better picture the events in the story. Kidd repeatedly uses imagery to creatively describe Lilys surroundings and give life to it. In the very(prenominal) beginning of the novel, Lily pictures herself lecture to her mother about the gun incident. She pleads, Mother, forgive. Please forgive (3).Then she pictures her mom kissing her skin till it grew chapped (3) and telling her she was not to blame. Kidd uses this kind of view to leaven the audience of the book that Lily wants her mom to love her more than anything and that she wants the truth to the incident so the guilt she feels can vanish. Kidd also uses personification and metaphors many times within the novel. She uses these two poetic devices to add more character to Lilys personality. The use of this kind of figurative language better depicts the tone and mood of any scene. Kidd uses figurative language a lot when she is describing Lilys love life.For example, Lily speaks to the audience of the books when she says, I can tell you this much, the world is a great big log thrown and twisted on the fires of love (133). Lily comes to this conclusion at the end of chapter 7 after she has her first intimate interaction with Zach and has witnessed Neil and June have a fight. In these two very intense moments, she comes face to face with love and learns that i t not only brings people together, but also sometimes drives people apart. Just moments before this quotation, Lily was driving with Zach when she realized, definitively, that she love him.The figurative language in this quote helps enhance the fact that Lily has become more mature while staying with the Boatwright sisters. The last main element Sue Monk Kidd uses in her novel The Secret Life of Bees is imagery. Kidd mostly uses imagery to stress the importance of believing in storytelling and the power of the female community. In the middle of the novel, Lily is prevarication in bed hurt from the truth about her mother. She describes her confusion and stress of the situation by saying, One minute I was dreaming of Zach and the next I was hungering for my mother, imagining her calling my name, saying, Lily, girl.You are my flower (139). Kidd identifies the pain of being alone and the grief of truth through Lily. She uses imagery and diction in this quote to appeal to the sensation of sorrow within the audience. This conveys a stressful, confusing tone within the book. In the end of the novel, Kidd appeals to the joyful and compassionate emotions of the audience when Lily says, I have more mothers than any eight girls off the street. They are the moons shining over me (302). This incorporates figurative language along with imagery, the importance of mothers, and the power of the female community into it.The meaningfulness and joyfulness of this quote conveys a calming tone that reassures Lily will be well looked after in her future and that she is loved by many people without the irrationalities of racism. In conclusion, Sue Monk Kidd uses four main techniques in her novel. The first method is dialogue, which is meant to enhance the readers understanding of the setting and characters in the novel. The second style is the use of figurative language, which is meant to describe Lilys surroundings and give life to it. This also makes the text more interesting to r ead because the figurative language helps spice it up.The third aspect is imagery which is meant to tie-in readers in with a display of colorful words, images, and diction. Lastly, the use of the southern vernacular incorporated in Kidds work better personifies the characters actions and thoughts. It also helps the reader understand the setting of the novel better. Altogether, these techniques of writing in Kidds work help deeper explain the three main themes the importance of storytelling, irrationalities of racism and the power of the female community. whole shebang cited Kidd, Sue Monk. The Secret Life of Bees. New York Penguin Group, 2002. Print.

Practices in Project Management Essay

AbstractThe St. Dismas medical checkup Center (SDMC) Assisted Living Facility (ALF) tolerate was authorized to create a new service course of instruction to counteract a blood of inpatient activity. The get word objectives are to build c light- and heavy-assist units in a standalone residential instalment with a sheltered connection to SDMC by upstart-July 2001 and within an $11 billion calculate. The particular deliverables, constraints, assumptions, exclusions, and work breakdown structure are outlined in the flip Scope Statement. Brainstorming and scenario abbreviation bequeath be used in the risk strategy, while cost-benefit analysis go forth be the primary tool in plan tincture management.A bug out work list and milepost schedule illustrates the critical path for the 102-week expression phase. And, the $10 million budget is little by activity and twenty-five percent to reconcile the multiple cost perspectives of aggroup members. forcing out proctoring pass on primarily use earned value poetic rhythm along with the Gantt chart and budget. Data get out be analyzed and reported weekly to the aggroup, and significant deviations from the visualise are subject to the potency strategy milestone status reporting and meeting with the Board of Trustees and submission of transfigure requests to get the designing back on track. The plan will conduct a statuesque closeout process to include an audit, closeout meetings, a final report, closeout meetings, and record archival.Project Purpose and JustificationOver the past few months, there has been a steady decline of the inpatient people at St. Dismas Medical Center (SDMC) due to the increased usage of seatbelts and bicycle/motorcycle helmets. A planning retreat was held toidentify trade opportunities and a solution was proposed to build an assisted living installation on the St. Dismas campus. The purpose of the mould is to plan and implement Assisted Living Facility (ALF) as authorize d by the Board of Trustees in May 1999. The project is being completed in post to create a new service line to take advantage of the opportunity presented by the shortage of medically-focused and highly specialized facilities available throughout the country and a growing geriatric population.We project that the ALF, the for-profit subsidiary of SDMC, will bring in a net income between $9,000 and $12,000 per unit and a net cash flow of about $1,500,000 annually. Both outpatient referrals and inpatient population are expected to increase. Furthermore, we hope that the project will have an hyperkinetic syndromeed benefit of strengthening the organisational focus on reimbursable preventive and wellness programs for healthier maturement community.Project RequirementsThe ALF Project Steering Committee has identified several(prenominal) actions and processes that drive to be met, including facility design and plaitoperational inevitably for food services, housekeeping, and plying festering of operational policy and procedures basis of an operating budgetcreation of payroll and accounting systemscharacterization and dress up of telecommunications and information system needs prelim selling plans, with community and staff communications plans phylogeny of medical assessment tools for incoming residents designation of clinical services offeringsdevelopment of an organizational structure naming of government regulations and industry standards.Primary Project ObjectivesThe primary project objectives of the ALF Project are as travel alongs The cost objective is to fall in between $8.5 to $11 million for the construction of the facility. The snip objective was to complete construction and open by July 2000, but was later revised to a duration of two years, with completion by late July 2001. The electron orbit objectives are to build a standalone residential facility with a sheltered connection to SDMC that can access thecafeteria and hospital services, con taining 100 units that accommodate up to 150 single and couple residents with 15 to 30 heavy-assisted units and the remaining units light-assisted.Assumptions and ConstraintsThe following is assumedProject funds will be released in a clock timely manner.Project group members and resources will be available as needed. Contractors will have the skills and experience needed to complete the project. The constraints are as followsThe construction cannot begin until after the November 1999 city elections. The facility needs to open by late July 2001.Operational and administrative policies, procedures, and systems need to be created and regulations and standards need identification. high-altitude RisksAs with all projects, there is a risk of running over budget, over schedule, and/or falling short on scope. There are several high-level risks for the ALF project. One particular sweep of concern was the short seven-month time finis for the complex construction project, but that has been extended about another year. Further, the organizational complexity is high with the number of people involved across many functions and the decision-making body being the Board of Trustees. This complexity may lead to delays in decision-making.The project is similarly much larger than SDMC has handled in the past with only one team member having construction experience. The operational and administrative regulations and standards for construction and healthcare industries will be complex and have not yet been identified. Construction projects have a strong potential to impact the local ecology which will add a risk factor to the project. Further, weather poses a high-level risk to the project and may negatively impact the schedule by delaying supply deliveries and construction work.Major Project MilestonesMajor project milestones include1. Facility design and construction2. acknowledgment of operational needs3. Project and operating budget development4. Creation of payroll and ac counting systems5. Define telecommunications needs and system setup6. Define information systems and system setup7. Creation of a preliminary marketing plan and communications package8. Organize major ground breaking event9. Clinical Services10. Design of assessment tool for incoming residents11. Identification of demands for clinical services12. Development of facilitys management structure13. Identification of governmental regulations and industry standardsPreliminary Budget EstimateThe preliminary budget estimate for the completed project is between $8.5 and $11 million, which includes the land purchase, facility construction, facility furnishings, and construction of the sheltered connection from the assisted living facility to the Medical Center.Key StakeholdersIllustrated below is the key stakeholder analysis matrix, which demonstrates the key stakeholders, their levels of power and interest, and an engagement plan. The matrix is followed by a communications chart that outline s stakeholders, their responsibilities, and their communication needs.The project scope is to build a standalone residential facility for the purpose of providing assisted living services to up to 150 single and couple residents. The product will also include a sheltered connective structure that provides access to St. Dismas Medical Centers cafeteria and hospital services. The facility will contain 100 residential units with 15 30of those units that accommodate residents that need heavy assistance and the remaining units categorized as light-assisted. The cost to construct the facility should fall within $8.5 to $11 million range. Acceptance of the project requires that construction may not begin until after city elections in November 1999 and the facility must open to the public by late July 2001.Project ConstraintsThe construction cannot begin until after the November 1999 city elections. The facility needs to open by late July 2001.Operational and administrative policies, proce dures, and systems need to be created and regulations and standards need identification. The budget cap is $11 million.Project AssumptionsThere are several assumptions that may also impact the implementation of the project if they prove to be faithlessly (Project Management Institute, 2013) Project funds will be released in a timely manner.Project team members and resources will be available as needed. Contractors will have the skills and experience needed to complete the project.Project Deliverablesfacility design and constructionoperational needs for food services, housekeeping, and staffing development of operational policy and procedurescreation of an operating budgetcreation of payroll and accounting systemscharacterization and set up of telecommunications and information system needs preliminary marketing plans, with community and staff communications plans development of medical assessment tools for incoming residents designation of clinical services offeringsdevelopment of an organizational structureidentification of government regulations and industry standards.Project ExclusionsItems that are not included in the scope includedesign and construction of a parking lot or garagedesign, construction, and furnishings of patient frolic and activity athletic fields design, construction, and furnishings of exercise and fitness areas design and development of landscaping, walking paths, and gardening areas design, construction, and furnishings of private visiting areas design, construction, and furnishings of salon and barber services area design, construction, and furnishings of dining areaProject Risk and Quality Management StrategyProject Risk StrategyThe project team has held a brainstorming session with a conclave of consultants in several relevant areas of expertise to identify an exhaustive list of risks by questioning what could go wrong with tasks. The scenario analysis method has also been utilized to identify, analyze, and prioritize risks from high-to-low impact. This method entails utilizing critical thinking skills to realize events that may likely impact the project (Mantel, Meredith, Shafer, & Sutton, 2011). Additionally, the work breakdown structure (WBS) and project profile were scrutinized to advertize identify highly probable risks as suggested by Mantel et al. (2011). The following highly probable risks have been identifiedBad weather wanting(predicate) staffingInadequate budgetProject management team inexperienceRegulatory and industry requirementsCost estimation errorsComplex organizational structure and decision-making processBroad set of stakeholders that have yet to weigh in on the project Environmental impact from constructionProject communication and coordination issuesInadequate deliverables (e.g. parking garage)Inadequate time scheduleThe strategy for handling risks is to develop a risk reply plan as advised by Mantel et al. (2011). The risk response plan will include contingency plans to handle event s that do happen, with more than one contingency plan and supporting logic charts developed for high-impact risk. Furthermore, risk identification and response planning will be ongoing through the project duration.Project Quality Management StrategyThe ALF project quality management strategy is to follow the Project Management Institute (PMI) (2013) guidelines identify quality requirements, document compliance levels of quality requirements, perform quality assurance auditing, and control quality by winning action to address poor quality measurements. Inevitably diverges will have to be made to manage events or unsatisfactory quality results. The ALF Project change management strategy is to include provisions in the original contract to accommodate change as suggested by Mantel et al. (2011). An integrated change control process will be created and implemented, as advised by PMI (2013) to reduce project risks through holistic analysis of proposed changes. This process will outline how change requests will be reviewed, approved or denied, and how those changes will impact other aspects of the project (policies, documents, plans, etc.) (Project Management Institute, 2013). Two tools that will be used to manage quality arecost-benefit analysis, which compares the cost of the proposed change to the expected benefit. cause-and-effect diagrams which utilizes the questionwhy to discover the root cause of a problem in order to correct it. Cost-benefit analysis will be useful in presenting problems and their possible changes to the decision-making body in order for them to fully assess their options and identify the solution that best suits their requirements. The cause-and-effect diagram will be beneficial in recognizing the true problem that needs to be addressed. Finding a solution for the root cause will serve well the team avoid unnecessary be, time, efforts, and rework in addressing the wrong issues.Construction Phase Milestone ScheduleBelow is the work list and milestone schedule for the construction phase of the St. Dismas Assisted Living Facility project. The critical path (B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-K-L-O-P-S-T) is illustrated in green on the milestone schedule. The project is scheduled to be completed in 102 weeks, just shy of two years. The assumptions for this schedule are the following The milestone schedule will be approved by the Board of Trustees. The project will begin in August 1999 after action plans are submitted. Project funds will be released in a timely manner.Project team members and resources will be available as needed. Contractors will have the skills and experience needed to complete the project.Project BudgetBelow are the summary-level budget and flesh out budget for the St. Dismas ALF Project. The assumption from examining the provided cost information chart is that the Chief Operating Officer and the Construction Project Manager provided the estimates for the facility design and construction activities of the ALF project , and focal ratio management dictated the administrative and contingency budgets, and both did so honestly. Bottom-up budgeting utilizes the work breakdown structure in a way that cost estimates of from each one activity are completed by the team members responsible for carrying out those tasks, while top-down budgeting produces estimates based on the judgments and experiences of top managers (Mantel et al., 2011). The combination use in this project of top-down and bottom-up budgeting is ideal, according to Mantel et al. (2011). The advantage of top-down budgeting is that it generally has a high degree of accuracy, although it can include conceiveable miscalculations for low-level activities bottom-up budgeting is opposite in that it provides accuracy for low-level activities and the possibility of considerable miscalculations for high-cost activities (Mantel et al., 2011).The detailed budget is also divided by task and expected quarter of expenditure to address the multiple pe rspectives of cost between the project manager (PM), the accountant, and the controller. Mantel et al. (2011) plosive out that the PM is concerned with commitments made against the budget, accountants track costs as they are incurred, and controllers are responsible for the organizations cash flow. Dividing costs by activity and quarter allow all three parties to find their relationship to the project. In this budget, the bulk of the detail outlines only one deliverable from the projects scope statement and work breakdown structurefacility design and construction. The other deliverables are clumped into the central and direct administrative costs categories.Although the budget may sufficiently cover the costs of the labor that needs to go into the other deliverables (identifying needs and regulations, and developing plans, systems, and budgets), it may insufficiently cover the costs for other aspects of some of the deliverables, such as setting uptelecommunications and information systems, and organizing a major ground-breaking event. Furthermore, consideration should be given to the fact that project exclusions from the Project Scope Statement, such as design and construction of a parking area and activity and entertainment areas, are not factored into this budget. The current budget totals $10,000,000, which is still $1,000,000 under the original estimated budget and leaves some room to add deliverables if necessary.Project abridgment BudgetProject Monitor and Control StrategyThe ALF Project monitor and control strategy is as follows. The project team will continuously monitor schedule progress via the Gantt chart and monitor budget progress via the detailed budget. Monitoring these will give the team a comparison of the time period against the actual plan. However, the team will utilize earned value (EV) metrics to not only compare the current situation with the plan, but also consider the actual progress at the point of evaluation (Mantel at al., 2011). The data from these control tools will be collected and analyzed weekly and reported to the team on a weekly basis as stated in the communication chart. The project management team will assess if any deviations from the plan are significant enough to employ control measures. If the project management team feels that intervention isnecessary, data (including the project milestone status report), assessments, and suggestions will be communicated with the Board of Trustees, and change requests will be submitted with the aim to reduce the differences between the plan and the actual circumstances.Earned value metrics is the ALF Project preferred observe tool for the purposes of monitoring and controlling. Earned value metrics allow the team to compare the plan with the actual progress at any given point in the project, to see how efficiently our schedule and costs are being maintained, and providing an estimate of cost if the project is continued at the current rate (Mantel et al., 201 1). Utilizing a go/no-go control, such as the milestone status report, allows us to compare the project output (using milestones as checkpoints) to the existing standard, assess what are needs are in terms of physical assets, human resources, and/or finances for particular tasks, and employ the necessary steps to meet those needs in order to get the project schedule, budget, and/or scope aligned with the plan (Mantel et al., 2011).Project CloseoutThe ALF Project will conduct a formal project closeout primarily to help the organization improve its project management skills on future project (Mantel et al., 2011, p. 273). The formal project closeout will allow SDMC to understand project mistakes, accomplishments, performance, and project team and management efficiencies and deficiencies, and document these in the organizational knowledge base. Furthermore, a formal close out deals with all those involved in the project in a way that has positive impact on morale and trust. The organiz ation and the project managers show they are reliable when they finish what they start, communicate to each department that it is time to finalize their project activities, and deal with project staff and their reassignments in a tactful manner. The project closeout will follow the suggestion of Mantel et al. (2011).After the project manager ensures that all project work is complete, the project must go through the project acceptance phase. Acceptance needs to be gained from the Board of Trustees, and project management team, and officially recorded. A detailed audit will be performed to assess the progress and performance of the projects plan through question of its methodology and procedures, its records, properties, inventories, budgets, expenditures, progress, and soon (Mantel et al., 2011, p. 275). Audit findings as well as the complete project history will be written in a final report. The final report will include the project failures, successes, and lessons learned.The fina l report will also document the project activities and management techniques, the location of the organizations assets, and recommendations for improvement. The final report will be distributed to stakeholders upon completion. Closeout meetings with contractors and department heads (financial, legal, purchasing, organizational, facility, etc.) will be head to notify them of project termination, provide direction to clear the project activities in which they are responsible, and address final issues. A closeout meeting with project personnel will be conducted to address reassignments and stress, and provide closure. Finally, the project books will be closed, organizational assets will be updated, and records will be archived.ReferencesMantel, S., Meredith, J., Shafer, S., & Sutton, M. (2011). Project Management in Practice (4th ed). Hoboken John Wiley & Sons. Project Management Institute. (2013). A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK guide) (5th ed). Newtown Squa re PMI Publications.

Why We Should Study Science

Why we should study comprehension Science has brought many changes in the world today. It is aimd in all the corners of the world for the advance of man. The motor-car or the electric lamp that we use today was not known to tribe who lived generations ago. Owing to the use of Science the people of today are able to do many things with ease and comfort. Travelhas become very easy. So mens activity has increased greatly. Science has also been used to treat the nauseous and the sounded. As a result, people can now live a longerlifethan their ancestors could.Even the most serious diseases do not frighten people so much as they did before. Further, Science has made it possible for people to sit at home and see the world around. The television, thenewspaperand color books divine service millions of people to bring at home. The radio too has done much to teach and inform people in all parts of the world. It is therefore obligatory for us to learn Science, if we wish to enjoy greater comforts. Deal all How are you today? I withdraw some opinions to claim why we should learn science. First of all, if you have no knowledge, you dont have anything no job, no money and some more nd study not only in science but also in different area is the shortest way to gain knowledge. What if Im a famous historical or writer and I have a good job, much money although I know nothing or few about math, physics or chemistry OK, so do you have a computer or cell phone? How do you use it if you dont have some basic skill about computer or mesh Who made those things and how can they make it? Of course they are engineers, experts, masters or at least they have enough science knowledge which they have to learn. Do you like computer? Do you want to make your our game or edit your photo, movie, musicYou have to study some program languages or how to use some softwares. Thats science, my friend. You still not agree You dislike computer, you never use mobile phone or telephone and you ev ent dont use TV and radio. So what do you do when your married woman tell you to install a new socket or fuse- learn basic electrical skill or tell your wife I cant do it, ask your exboyfriend or someone else. There are no electrical devices in your house+_+ where do you live_. What will breathe when your children in grade school ask you to help them with their math, physic or chemical homework. Thats

History of football Essay

Football (as well as rugby and soccer) are believed to have descended from the ancient Greek granulose of harpaston. Harpaston is mentioned frequently in classical literature, where it is often referred to as a very rough and brutal support. The rules of this ancient boast were quite simple Points were awarded when a player would cross a remnant line by either kicking the ball, footrace with it across the goal line, or throwing it across the line to other player. The other teams objective was simply to stop them by any means possible. at that place was no specific field length, no office line boundaries, no specified build of players per team, only a glaring lack of rules. Harpaston Luckily (for everyone) uniforms & equipment have improved dramatically. Most modern versions of football are believed to have originated from England in the twelfth century. The plunk for became so popular in England that the kings of that time (Henry II and Henry IV) actually banned football. Th ey believed that football was taking forth interest from the traditional sports of England, such as fencing and archery. Evolution and the Beginnings of Standardization.Football didnt really begin to take on any consistency of rules and boundaries until it was picked up as a sport in the seven major public schools of England in the ahead of time 1800s. Six of the seven schools were largely playing the same plunk for (including Eton, Harrow and Winchester) while the seventh, Rugby School (founded in 1567) was playing a markedly different version of football. The other schools moved ahead refining their rules and in the end their game became known as association football or soccer, which was played back then much as it is today. Rugby School went in a different direction.How and why the game developed differently at Rugby School appears to have been lost in history, but what is known is that by the 1830s, running with the ball at Rugby School was in common use and 18 foot goal p osts had been added with a cross-bar at 10 feet above the ground. The cellular inclusion of the cross-bar was accompanied by a rule that a goal could only be scored by the ball passing over the bar from a mail kick or drop kick. Apparently this was done to make scoring easier from further out and also to avoid the horde of defenders standing in and city block the mouth of the goal.Players who were able to touch down the ball behind the opponents goal line were awarded a try-at-goal the player would make a mark on the goal line and then walk back onto the field of play to a point where a place kick at the goal was possible (a conversion). There was also an off-your-side rule used to keep the teams apart. Passing the ball forward was not allowed. By the mid-1860s British schools and universities had taken up Rugbys game and honored the school by giving the new football the name of rugby.The game soon went trans-Atlantic to America and landed on fertile soil. Roots of American Footb all The birth date of football in the United States is generally regarded by football historians as November 6, 1869, when teams from Rutgers and Princeton Universities met for the first intercollegiate football game. In those early games, there were 20 players to a team and football still more closely resembled rugby than modern football. The game of football has a history of uniform rule changes.Rule changes have been implemented to bolster the excitement of the game of football andto increase the games safety. In 1873, representatives from Columbia, Rutgers, Princeton, and Yale Universities met in New York metropolis to formulate the first intercollegiate football rules for the increasingly popular game. These four teams established the Intercollegiate Football Association (IFA) and set 15 as the number of players allowed on each team. Walter Camp, the coach at Yale and a dissenter from the IFA over his desire for an eleven man team, helped begin the final step in the evolution from rugby-style play to the modern game of American football.The IFAs rules committee, led by Camp, soon cut the number of players from fifteen to eleven, and also instituted the size of the playing field, at one hundred ten yards. In 1882 Camp also introduced the system of downs. After first allowing three attempts to advance the ball five yards, in 1906 the keep was changed to ten yards. The fourth down was added in 1912. Within a decade, concern over the increasing brutality of the game led to its ban by rough colleges. Nearly 180 players had suffered serious injuries, and eighteen deaths had been reported from the brutal nap plays that had become common practice.So in 1905, President Theodore Roosevelt called upon Harvard, Princeton, and Yale to help save the sport from demise. At a meeting between the schools, reform was agreed upon, and at a second meeting, attended by more than sixty other schools, the root word appointed a seven member Rules Committee and set up what w ould later become known as the National Collegiate Athletic Association, or the NCAA. From this committee came the legalization of the forward pass, which resulted in a redesign of the ball and a more open style of play on the field.The rough mass plays, which once caused so many serious injuries, were prohibited by the committee. Also prohibited was the locking of arms by teammates in an effort to clear the dash for their ball carriers. The length of the game was shortened, from seventy to sixty minutes, and the neutral zone, which separates the teams by the length of the ball before each play begins, was also established. Though refinements to the game would continue to the present day, the modern game of American football had arrived.

Lv Ptlls

The purpose of judgement falls into 5 main categories. Initial, (at the havening) diagnostic (example testing for existing familiarity), formative, (ongoing) add together (at the end) and spellive (self). Gravels states, Assessment is a regular process it might non always be formalized, but you will be sight what your apprentices be doing, asking them questions, and reviewing their progress. So why do we actually assess assimilators?Gravels (2012) argues that It enables you, the assessor, to ascertain if you the learner has gained the inquire skills ND get byledge wished at a habituated point towards a quarrel or qualification. Further reasons to asses argon that judicial decision can highlight weakness and highlight strengths, it is similarly an resplendent piece of function linchpin for two students and teachers which can be apply for a review as well. The frontmost sound judgement that should spend a penny place should be an initial assessment. This will train that the learner is on the right course.Gravels (2012) states that if you place the learner on a course qualification they may not achieve, it is placing them at a distinct disadvantage. complemental an initial assessment goes provided also have positive aspect, if the learner shows a lack of intimacy in a unique(predicate) area the teacher would be able to plan for specific need and make arrangements for future acquisition, therefore promoting equal opportunities by drop outing a range to different ability learners to go off the program.CAD (2012) describes an initial assessment as Initial assessment of each newly arrived pupils learning helps teachers consider the pupils specific needs and plan opportunities that will help remove any barriers to learning they might have. plastic assessments are always ongoing throughout a course, it will roved opportunities to adapt learning to the students needs, it will also highlight any weakness that may need to be addressed, t hus improving learning. In a care art this may be done by supervisions, watching how people course.Guidance and support should be exceedn on any areas they are no so good at. Constructive feed back in legion(predicate) opinions are best to use. Just like a driving test many fail first time yet more than 95% of those who attempt eventually pass. (Petty 1 998) summarise assessments sums up what a candidate can do, a summarize assessment usually leads to a pass or fail situation. However, an NV is scribed as a competence-based qualifications. They reflect the skills and knowledge needed to do a job effectively, and show that a candidate is competent in the area of work the NV framework represents. CAD (2012). A disadvantage of this type off assessment is that an NV is a qualification you should not fail you are get hold ofn time to pass and are allowed to practice and make mistakes this may imply that failure is k, and that you can ripe to start again but in care a job should be done first time and no mistakes should be made, this would be an ideal world but after all we are human and mistakes re made. That is where an NV has its advantages it allows you to make mistakes and try again and by doing this you are constantly learning and you pay back more competent in what is to be done.For effective learning to take place it is important to involve the learner in the assessment process. Initially this could be done by sharing and clarifying the assessment process with the learner ensuring they understand what the assessment criteria is and how they can meet that criteria. After the assessment it is important to give the learner useful feedback that they can fleet on and actions that they could take for further assessments. Gravels states All Learners need to know how they are progressing and what they have achieved.F-dieback will encourage and motivate them. Giving Feedback is an essential vocalisation of the assessment cycle, feedback shows and encourages both learners and trainers how they are progressing. It is not a criticism and should be helpful to learners to understand their behavior and actions. Scales (2008) states The willingness of learners and teachers to give and clear feedback is at the heart of formative assessment. The feedback sandwich is a well trusted and standard model of delivering feed back.The trainer should first ask learners for self assessment followed by trainers positive recognition Of achievements and strengths on top. Feedback should be neither too extensive nor brief and if there are many areas of change a learner need to address, a maximum of only 3 should be given initially, so the learner is not overwhelmed. Feedback being a two way process should be delivered in a positive manner, be it verbally, written or electronically. Its deli truly should be descriptive, instructive and targeted specifically at the learners areas of development in couch to motivate them.Feedback is an essential part of effec tive learning. It helps students understand the subject being studied and gives them clear centering on how to improve their learning. Questions must be asked thought or as learning is ongoing to ensure there is an understanding. couple and self assessment are a great way of involving learners as it allows them to give constructive feedback. Self and consort assessments are always ongoing. Looking at gaps and what else needs doing. Improving cause knowledge and looking at difficulties. Discuss with otherwises who can support you to over come things.Encourage sharing of knowledge and Information. Self-assessment plays an important part in enhanced learning as by making the learner look about their own strengths and weaknesses it enables them to highlight those areas of skill or knowledge on which they need to work. Learners can also be used as a learning resource explaining something to some other student for example or by giving peer feedback, by getting the learner to take o n the teachers role it makes them think back about their own knowledge and how to get that knowledge across thereby promoting self- assessment.Peer assessment really helps the reverberance of the group as they are working together by giving constructive criticism and points for development. Peer and self-assessment, where students assess each other and themselves, can encourage students to take greater responsibility for their learning, for example, by encouraging engagement with assessment criteria and reflection of their own performance and that of their peers. Through this, students can learn from their previous mistakes, station their strengths and weaknesses ND learn to target their learning accordingly.Getting students to become more active in their learning in this way can help to alter the perception of learning as being a still process whereby students listen to you and absorb the reading in order to regurgitate during a subsequent assignment. If students are participa nts rather than spectators, they are more likely to engage with their learning. For peer evaluation to work effectively, the learning surround in the classroom must be supportive.Students must feel comfortable and trust one other in order to provide honest and constructive feedback. Instructors who use group work and peer assessment frequently can help students develop trust by forming them into small groups early in the semester and having them work in the same groups throughout the term. This allows them to become more comfortable with each other and leads to better peer feedback. Assessment methods vary greatly and each have their own strengths and weaknesses.A test or questioning would be two good initial assessments as they can be used to gauge how much anterior knowledge a learner has. They could also be used as formative assessments comparing the answers to the earners primitively answers to measure how far they have progressed. Limitations of tests and questioning can be some people can give way at tests. Know it all but cannot get it down onto paper also may dress it difficult to explain. Tests may cause anxiety and cause people to feel pressured. May only allow for specific answers without chance to expand.Tests and certain types of questioning may not be suitable due to barriers. leave out of confidence or even ability to read can affect the person. Other support may be needed to allow them to complete the task. An observation makes for a good formative or summarize assessment as it ivies the learner the opportunity to demonstrate the skills and or knowledge they have gained, the drawback of an observation however is that the natural behavior of anything being observed is likely to be altered by the observation.Assignments are another method of assessment, again they give the opportunity for the learner to demonstrate knowledge and can be used either as a formative or summarize assessment. However they can be very intimidating if the learner s truggles with putting concepts into words. Historically exams were used as a means of summarize assessment, when regained in good order an exam is difficult to cheat and a good way to measure knowledge, the drawback however is that not everyone is accommodate to sitting exams.Nerves, environmental factors even the quality of sleep the night before could all affect the endings. another(prenominal) useful assessment tool is the learning journal (can be formative and summarize) used in part by the author. This informative method can be used by either learners or trainers. It reinforces learning points by listing, promotes creative thinking by asking learners/trainers to compile a tool kit of materials or ideas. It also allows reflection on learning and empowers learners to express any concerns they may have or what individualized development needs they may aspire too.Limitations can include not having correct information to begin with, information must be needs to be factual and con cise. Not everything can be attested/recorded. One of the major disadvantages of journals, logs and portfolios is the difficulty some students experience, through lack of familiarity and practice, with writing reflectively. The superficial accountings of events that can result from this have little educational alee for either the assessor or the assessed student.Record keeping is the documentation of information imparted in regards of codes of conduct, over time they are the evidence of what the learner has achieved and will also show what other knowledge needs to be provided. Records are usually kept on paper files and/or electronically Good, accurate records are important for teachers, learners, verifiers, training providers, and inspectors and for employers as they can keep a track on the individuals development and progress as well as in the teachers/college performance ND professionalism in delivering the subject.Additionally, it is a legal requirement to keep accurate and up to date records on learners as it serves as a clear channel for external, as well as internal, audits providing accurate and up to date records is to prove and account for the training/lesson effectiveness and the progress of learners or even special needs for other learners. An example is records of course/ lesson attendance will show up gaps in knowledge. Records should identify if further action is required and, if so, a record of the action should be completed. Assessment forms will operate in a similar way.

Colorism: Black People and African American Culture Essay

Colorism is a type of discrimination in which humans of the same race atomic number 18 treated or treat each other differently because of the social connotations that leave been attached to substitute of their skin. It exists in almost every race, but it is most predominant in the African American gloss within the borders of The United States. Colorism in the United States is rooted back to knuckle downry and ever since then it has pervert the minds of the inkiness community.Colorism between African Americans was no mistake it was done purposefully to divide the African slave population to make them easier to control. A man by the name of Willie Lynch gave a speech in Virginia 1712 about how to control slaves. In this speech he stated, I use fear, distrust, and envy for control purposes. These methods have worked on my modest plantation in the West Indies, and it will work throughout the South.Take this elementary little test of differences and think about them. On the top of my list is Age, but it is at that place because it only starts with an A the second is Color or shade there is intelligence, size, sex, size of plantations, attitude of owners, whether the slaves tarry in the valley, on a hill, East, West, North, South, have fine or coarse hair, or is tall or short.Now that you have a list of differences, I shall give you an outline of actionbut in the lead that, I shall assure you that distrust is stronger than trust, and envy is stronger than adulation, respect, or admiration. Willie Lynch was a smart man with a very insidious agenda that he flawlessly completed. He knew the power of distrust, he knew how to use it to his advantage, and he knew that all he had to do was plant the seed in to the minds of the slaves and it would grow and blossom all on its own and live for many years to come.From his speech stems the terms light sputter, dark skinned and good hair. African American culture even today, three hundred years after(prenominal) thi s speech was given, is still being led to believe that having lighter skin in some modal value makes you a better than someone who has slightly darker skin. From the land that holds the famous motto All men are created equal oddly is the same place where people of the same race discriminate against their own people.In The Color Complex by Midge Wilson, she tackles the ignore by tracking down the birthplace of discolorism, To trace the origins of the color complex, we must return to the year 1607 when three ships sailed in Chesapeake Bay, stopping at Jamestown, Virginia, to establish the first slope colony in the New World. . . . What might have been unthinkable in Europe and Africa was an everyday happening in the wilderness. Miscegenation, or race mixing, became widespread as Europeans, Africans, and Native Americans mixed their seed and substance to evoke a kaleidoscope of skin tones and features.But these primary race groupings differed sharply in their civil liberties and p olitical freedoms. problematical variations in appearance took on enormous consequences in meaning, especially among Negros, (Wilson, pg. 9). The black community has let this issue open the doors for so much ignorance for hundreds of years. The effects of this have seeped into some of the most important organizations that delineate the black community, such as the NAACP, Jack and Jill, and renowned black Sororities and Fraternities.

Evaluation-Macbeth Coursework Essay

In my english coursework on Macbeth by William Shakespeare the task was to choose two soliloquys and write about them, write how they affect the story, the char executeer, if they are important in that particular panorama and if they subscribe to any significant mark on the monkey and the story.The two soliloquys I chose were make out 1 scene 7, and act 2 scene 1. I chose these two soliloquys because they are important points in the story. They help fix the storyline and the way in which it goes. These two soliloquys come in the start of the play, and therefore help perform it greatly. They come just before Macbeth murders Duncan, act 1 scene 7 is where Macbeth is thinking to himself whether he should indue the murderous deed or non.His first thoughts to himself are that he shouldnt, but his devious wife in short persuades him. In act 2 scene 1 Macbeth is on his own and is hallucinating. He sees a pricker before him pointing to Duncans room, almost beckoning him to go and kill his king to which Macbeth has been so loyal to. This soliloquy is famous and helps to chassis the storyline because it is just before he kills Duncan.From these soliloquys I have studied I can train a lot about the ideas of the play. I think the main ideas that I can gather from act 2 scene 1 are that a man can be all in all changed by a single action in his life. Macbeth was loyal to his king, but then his wife suggested the idea of kiling Duncan and taking the throne himself. From this act I can also learn about the characters. Macbeth is influenced by his wife and she has a lot of control over him, he is a strong and loyal man to his king and has a fairly strong character. From this I can learn that a play works on characters actions and reactions, this is what builds storyline and character.The ideas of the play here as shown in this soliloquy by Macbeth deciding whether or not he should kill duncan are that a loyal man can be driven to do something that goes against wha t he stands for, and that the main character does not have much self confidence, and doubts himself. This soliloquy shows me that the character doubts himself, and is considering whether or not he should commit the murder so he can fullfil his wifes plan of enough king, which he is now beginning to like the idea of. From this I can learn that this particular play works on deceit, betrayal and selfishness from some characters.Some of the ideas in these soliloquys that interested me the most were how a mans ideas and thoughts of himself and what is duty and wrong can be changed very quickly if his pride is under threat, as shown in act 2 scene 1. I find another idea interesting in act 1 scene 7, if someone is under pressure than their mind can work in a completely different way, and they would think to act like they would never act if they were calm and in control. This is shown here in this soliloquy by Macbeth thinking to himself whether or not he should commit the deed or not.In explaining my findings to the class, I was pleased with the way I interpreted the Shakespearean text and the way I wrote the try in which I was reading from. Also in explaining it to the class, I think I should have looked up more and read as I looked at my essay sheet most of the time. I fagt think I made the audience feel involved enough in what I was saying. This is my evaluation of my Macbeth english coursework on soliloquys.

Describe How the Uses of Plant Fibres and Starch May Contribute

Describe how the uses of plant fibres and amylum may contribute to sustainability How can plant fibres be used? First of all the plant fibres captivate into to be extracted from the plant itself. The process of extraction often used is called retting. Retting involves using water or micro-organisms to run or rot away the cellular tissues surrounding the bast-fibre bundles. Afterwards the fibres argon obtained usually they extract genuinely long sclerenchyma cells and xylem tissue be eccentric of their good tensile strength. From this many materials can be made, here atomic number 18 a couple of examples ? Wood fibres can be used to make paper from trees Sisal fibres be obtained from century plant Sisalana and these fibres are used in the construction of cars, furniture, charge cards and even paper. Uses of stiffen and plant based products to replace oil-based products probe Bags Canvas bags is a product sweeping the nation to help us rid the use of plastic oil-based pla stic bags. Canvas bags are made from linen, which are fibres extracted for the flax plant, try out bags also contain cotton, which is extracted from the cotton bag. The canvas bag is an ingenious product because not only can it replace the oil-based (petroleum) plastic bags but they are also reusable and also sustainable.Related reading Disadvantages of Plants Living on Land stiffen Bags Starch bags are a relatively unknown product, not as popular as a replacement as a canvas bag. However the starch bag is obtained from the starch within many plants. If the bag is no overnight needed and discarded, they will soon decompose into carbon dioxide, water and biomass within 10-12 weeks, thus leaving no harmful residue behind. If you compare these to the oil-based products, they are a lot greener this is because oil-based petroleum plastic bags give take out a lot of air pollution and energy consumption to produce them.In addition to this if the plastic bags are discarded like many of them are (100 billion per year in USA), then they would not biodegrade (takes curtilage years) and could generate visual pollution and bring discomfort, and a lot of the time, death to many animals. Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages Both the starch bags and the canvas bags (made of cotton and linen) are made from a sustainable source. Canvas bags do not wear and tear. In addition to this they are stronger than oil-based plastic bags and wont split under heavy pressure. Starch bags are biodegradable If the starch bags are discarded they will decompose into non-harmful residue within 10-12 weeks of performance. Disadvantages The arrive used to grow the cotton plants, flax plants and plants used to extract starch would be wasteful and take up plenty of ground. Because cotton is predominately grown in Africa and India (places where food is at a shortage and hunger is on the uprising), the discharge used for the cotton would take up much area that could be used for agricult ure, farming that could lead to food for the local people.The introduction of canvas bags and starch bags has the potential to change the way we look about greener alternatives. Canvas bags already have become widespread popular, with millions of households across England owning at least one, til now oil-based plastic bags are still the leading supermarket bag. I believe the production of starch bags and canvas bags are extremely important and should be developed further and advertised more, this will hopefully ensure that the production and use of oil-based plastic bags are eradicated completely.This in turn would decrease the production of harmful gases into the atmosphere and cause less air pollution it would decrease the visual pollution of discarded plastic bags, would save animals lives that could get caught in them or even choke on them. On the other hand, as previously mentioned, land taken up to grow plants for the bags would precious land that could be used for farming a nd could feed a lot of the local people.