Eminent Domain Law/Policy in Texas Essay

The Eminent Domain Law is basically defined as the imposition of the power possessed by the state to appropriate private property and to renovate or reconstruct the property for public use. 1 It varies in different jurisdictions. The land that will be taken due to the eminent domain law is called condemnation proceedings. There is a process in seizing a property. First, the government will try to negotiate with the owner and offer an amount or a thing of equal value to compensate the loss of the property. Second, if the owner opts not to let go of his property, the state would exercise its power by imposing the eminent law and appeal to the court. Third, a hearing would be scheduled and argue with the fact that they have negotiated to purchase the land, and the owner would be casted upon with non-compliance with the government’s request. Lastly, if both sides were not satisfied then they can appeal to the court. 2 This is a vicious cycle that breaches the law of private property and also in some way steps on human rights. Though it is legally and constitutionally correct, there are negative implications attached to the undertakings of this law. Here are evidences which prove that the eminent law is applied. In Texas, a debate sprouted because of the undefined limitations of the eminent domain law. Frank Corte represented the state of San Antonio to justify that eminent law is simply taking of private property and made in accessible and useful for the public. Basically, he is talking of economic development. A counter –argument was fueled by Kyle Janek, who represents Houston, that there should be technical discourses about the amendments of the bill and to specify clearly what is â€Å"public use†. Janek’s claim is that there are always hidden motives with the eminent domain law. Another perspective was introduced when John Whitmire of Houston, said that â€Å"is economic development really the public’s interest? † It was brought about the effects of this law and enumerated some of its negative implications such as threatening of job creation, urban renewal, and state revenue resources. Based on what Whitmire has stimulated, Tommy Williams of The Woodlands claimed that the eminent law only made the other entities or such economically-driven officials to condemn private properties that would serve their purpose well. In the end of the debate, Kyle Janek’s suggestion of further supplying the reasons for condemnation has been implemented. In Texas law, it is stated that the government can seize private property only for economic purposes and especially for public use. Jeff Coyle attacked the eminent law and said â€Å"why would Governor Perry sign a bill with loopholes in it? Coyle thought that the loopholes would best serve the private interest of those who seize properties. In this scenario, Coyle is defending the rights of privately owned properties and its condemnation with the use of the eminent law. He implies that the eminent law has a self-serving bias for the politician who suddenly seizes the property. Eminent law is for economic development but also abstraction since it problematize on how can the people protect their own property though it is for public use. This was from the Texas Senate News and basically claims like the first other debates, the definition of â€Å"what is public use†. Bill Peacock of the Texas Public Policy Foundation stressed that the transfer of a private ownership to one another using the eminent law must be forbidden. Peacock also stressed that the court is too liberal in interpreting what is for public use and not. Basically, the eminent law has not been limited to any private property and all that is said to be needed for public use can be seized by the government. The origin of Peacock’s arguments came from Jenifer Zeigler who is an attorney in the Institute for Justice and claims in her proposed Senate bill 7 that the â€Å"public use† should be clearly defined and all of the transactions and negotiations should be done constitutionally. In the end of it, Attorney Joe Doegey made the closing remarks and defended the government that the eminent law enforcement was critically thought of and that all the properties that have been claimed were all constituted for public use. The committee then decided for adjourning the meeting and the case can be subjected in future meetings to come. This was what transpired in the meeting of the Joint Committee to Study the Power of Eminent Domain in 2005. In defense of the Eminent Law, Michael Allan Wolf, a professor in the University of Richmond which focuses on property law, states that the eminent law is good for the people since it promotes to claim private properties into public use. He had given examples such as railways and assembly lines. In the creation of railways, it made some parts of the state more accessible. Trading and other business transactions were a lot easier. With the birth of the assembly lines, people near the area are most likely of getting employed. With this positive note, he even claimed that the eminent domain is the â€Å"engine of public progress† since the people is making good use of the seized facilities. In summary, there is no clear limitation for the eminent domain law. Even if there many revisions or suggestion to make the law better, the economically-driven politicians will always find a way to exploit this law. Abuse of the law is what occurs in this point. There are no restrictions for the one who holds the power and can claim the properties that he may wish. The eminent domain law is powerful and useful but at the same time, it as like a double-edged sword that the people adhere to. There are act of the government and other institution to revise this law in protection the properties of the public and also to sustain the people’s rights. Much justified, the eminent domain law is being abused by the ones who are in the position. It is up to us the people who should know about the law and better yet our rights. The eminent domain law is made not to seize property irrationally but a condemnation for economic development. It is a law since it is very powerful yet it is just like a policy since it has many loopholes in it.

Selecting a Project essay

Selecting a Project essay Selecting a Project essay Selecting a Project essayAn important component of project management process is the selection of the project and initiation of the project. Prior to selecting a project, it is necessary to address the problem that the new project will be solving or to identify the new feature or opportunity that the project will be focused on. Furthermore, it is necessary to develop a strategic plan for the particular problem or opportunity which should be aligned with the overall corporate strategy, to analyze competition and local businesses, to identify all relevant alternatives and to select the project basing on specific criteria. The selection of projects is commonly based on the following criteria: the benefits associated with this project, project feasibility and economic efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to consider a case of launching a new project and to consider the stages of project identification and selection pertaining to the target project.The title of the article describing the new project and its selection is the following: Hellmanns promote recipes on intelligent trolleys. The article was retrieved from the website GetTheMedia.com, which provides various resources and information pertaining to marketing ideas, cases and projects. This article discusses the impressive marketing project which was implemented by Hellmann in Brazil in 2013.Hellmann continues to look for innovative ways to market its products and to increase customer engagement. The previous marketing campaign which created the background for the particular project was the Recipe Receipt campaign of Hellmann (SpringWise, 2013). Customers who purchased Hellmanns mayonnaise received printed recipes which included other products purchased along with mayonnaise in the same check (SpringWise, 2013). However, this marketing campaign included only the products that were already selected by the customers and thus limited the choice of recipes. Hellmann was seeking to expand this marketing initiat ive and to make the process of offering recipes and engaging customers more sophisticated.The main challenge of the new project was the need to interact with customers while they were shopping and to provide Hellmanns recipe advice matching the choices already made by the customers. The problem that should be solved by the new project was the following: customers might be interested in some recipe for which they do not have components yet, so the new marketing tool should create the inspiration to cook new dishes (instead of focusing on the products that the customers already chose). Furthermore, the goal of Hellmanns was to change the perception of mayonnaise and to make the customers perceive it as a delicious element of many dishes.Hellmann chose the following solution: the company integrated a Recipe Cart into the trolleys in the large stores. The card was equipped by LCD screen and RFID which scanned the products located closely to the trolley; these products were used to make recipe suggestions (Get the Media, 2014). All recipes included Hellmanns mayonnaise as a component. The customers could browse recipes and even share the recipes by email. As a result, recipe carts were used by more than 45,000 people and the sales of Hellmann mayonnaise increased by 68% during the first month of the campaign (Get the Media, 2014).The example of project selection by Hellmann illustrates that it is critically important to identify the objectives of the project and to align the project with overall corporate strategy prior to selecting the project. Furthermore, Hellmanns experience shows that the selection of a new project can (and often should) be based on the previous alternatives and projects implemented by the company. In the considered case, Hellmann used the experience of the previous campaign and set the criteria for the project that allowed to eliminate the weaknesses of the previous campaign. Therefore, Hellmanns campaign selection illustrates the process of creating and initiating a project.

Berlin Airlift and Blockade in the Cold War

Berlin Airlift and Blockade in the Cold War With the conclusion of World War II in Europe, Germany was divided into four occupation zones as had been discussed at the Yalta Conference. The Soviet zone was in eastern Germany while the Americans were in the south, the British the northwest, and the French the southwest. Administration of these zones was to be conducted through the Four Power Allied Control Council (ACC). The German capital, located deep in the Soviet zone, was similarly divided between the four victors. In the immediate period following the war, there was great debate regarding what extent Germany should be allowed to rebuild. During this time, Joseph Stalin actively worked to create and place in power the Socialist Unity Party in the Soviet zone. It was his intention that all of Germany should be communist and part of the Soviet sphere of influence. To this end, the Western Allies were only given limited access to Berlin along road and ground routes. While the Allies initially believed this to be short-term, trusting to Stalins goodwill, all subsequent requests for additional routes were denied by the Soviets. Only in the air was a formal agreement in place which guaranteed three twenty-mile-wide air corridors to the city. Tensions Increase In 1946, the Soviets cut off food shipments from their zone into western Germany. This was problematic as eastern Germany produced the majority of the nations food while western Germany contained its industry. In reply, General Lucius Clay, commander of the American zone, ended shipments of industrial equipment to the Soviets. Angered, the Soviets launched an anti-American campaign and began to disrupt the work of the ACC. In Berlin, the citizens, who had been brutally treated by the Soviets in the closing months of the war, voiced their disapproval by electing a staunchly anti-communist  city-wide government. With this turn of events, American policymakers came to the conclusion that a strong Germany was necessary to protect Europe from Soviet aggression. In 1947, President Harry Truman appointed General George C. Marshall as Secretary of State. Developing his Marshall Plan for European recovery, he intended to provide $13 billion in aid money. Opposed by the Soviets, the plan led to meetings in London regarding reconstruction of Europe and the rebuilding of the German economy. Angered by these developments, the Soviets began stopping British and American trains to check the identities of the passengers. Target Berlin On March 9, 1948, Stalin met with his military advisors and developed a plan for forcing the Allies to meet his demands by regulating access to Berlin. The ACC met for the last time on March 20, when, after being informed that the results of the London meetings would not be shared, the Soviet delegation walked out. Five days later, Soviet forces began restricting Western traffic into Berlin and stated that nothing could leave the city without their permission. This led to Clay ordering an airlift to carry military supplies to the American garrison in the city. Though the Soviets eased their restrictions on April 10, the pending crisis came to head in June with the introduction of a new, Western-backed German currency, the Deutsche Mark. This was ardently opposed by the Soviets who wished to keep the German economy weak by retaining the inflated Reichsmark. Between June 18, when the new currency was announced, and June 24, the Soviets cut off all ground access to Berlin. The next day they halted food distribution in the Allied parts of the city and cut off electricity. Having cut off Allied forces in the city, Stalin elected to test the resolve of the West. Flights Begin Unwilling to abandon the city, American policymakers directed Clay to meet with General Curtis LeMay, commander of United States Air Forces in Europe, regarding the feasibility of supplying West Berlins population by air. Believing that it could be done, LeMay ordered Brigadier General Joseph Smith to coordinate the effort. Since the British had been supplying their forces by air, Clay consulted his British counterpart, General Sir Brian Robertson, as the Royal Air Force had calculated the supplies required to sustain the city. This amounted to 1,534 tons of food and 3,475 tons of fuel per day. Before commencing, Clay met with Mayor-Elect Ernst Reuter to ensure that the effort had the support of the people of Berlin. Assured that it did, Clay ordered the airlift to move forward on July 26 as Operation Vittles (Plainfare). As the US Air Force was short on aircraft in Europe due to demobilization, the RAF carried the early load as American planes were moved to Germany. While the US Air Force began with a mix of C-47 Skytrains and C-54 Skymasters, the former was dropped due to difficulties in unloading them quickly. The RAF utilized a wide array of aircraft from C-47s to Short Sunderland flying boats. While initial daily deliveries were low, the airlift quickly gathered steam. To ensure success, aircraft operated on strict flight plans and maintenance schedules. Using the negotiated air corridors, American aircraft approached from the southwest and landed at Tempelhof, while British aircraft came from the northwest and landed at Gatow. All aircraft departed by flying due west to Allied airspace and then returning to their bases. Realizing that the airlift would be a long-term operation, the command was given to Lieutenant General William Tunner under the auspices of the Combined Airlift Task Force on July 27. Initially derided by the Soviets, the airlift was allowed to proceed without interference. Having overseen the supply of Allied forces over the Himalayas during the war, Tonnage Tunner quickly implemented a variety of safety measures after multiple accidents on Black Friday in August. Also, to speed up operations, he hired German work crews to unload aircraft and had food delivered to pilots in the cockpit so they would not need to deplane in Berlin. Learning that one of his flyers had been dropping candy to the citys children, he institutionalized the practice in the form of Operation Little Vittles. A morale-boosting concept, it became one of the iconic images of the airlift. Defeating the Soviets By the end of July, the airlift was delivering around 5,000 tons a day. Alarmed the Soviets began harassing incoming aircraft and attempted to lure them off course with fake radio beacons. On the ground, the people of Berlin held protests and the Soviets were forced to establish a separate municipal government in East Berlin. As winter approached, airlift operations increased to meet the citys demand for heating fuel. Battling severe weather, the aircraft continued their operations. To aid in this, Tempelhof was expanded and a new airport built at Tegel. With the airlift progressing, Tunner ordered a special Easter Parade which saw 12,941 tons of coal delivered in a twenty-four hour period on April 15-16, 1949. On April 21, the airlift delivered more supplies by air than typically reached the city by rail in a given day. On average an aircraft was landing in Berlin every thirty seconds. Stunned by the success of the airlift, the Soviets signaled an interest in ending the blockade. An agreement was soon reached and ground access to the city reopened at midnight on May 12. The Berlin Airlift signaled the Wests intention to stand up to Soviet aggression in Europe. Operations continued until September 30 with the goal of building a surplus in the city. During its fifteen months of activity, the airlift provided 2,326,406 tons of supplies which were carried on 278,228 flights. During this time, twenty-five aircraft were lost and 101 people killed (40 British, 31 American). Soviet actions led many in Europe to support the formation of a strong West German state.

Converting Yards to Meters - Example Problem

Converting Yards to Meters Problem This example problem demonstrates how to convert 100 yards to meters. Both yards and meters are common units of length, so the conversion is simple: Yards to Meter Conversion Problem   An American football field has 100 yards of playing field. How far is this in meters?SolutionStart out with a conversion factor: 1 yard 0.9144 metersSet up the conversion so that the desired unit will be canceled out. In this case, we want m to be the remaining unit.distance in m (distance in yard) x (0.9144 m/1 yd)distance in m (100 x 0.9144) mdistance in m 91.44 mAnswer100 yards is equal to 91.44 meters.Many conversion factors  are difficult to remember. Feet to meters would fall into this category. An alternate method to perform this conversion is to use multiple easily remembered steps.1 yard 3 feet1 foot 12 inches1 inch 2.54 centimeters100 centimeters 1 meter Using these steps we can express a distance in meters from yards as:distance in m (distance in yd) x (3 ft/1 yd) (12 in/1 ft) x (2.54 cm/1 in) x (1 m/100 cm)distance in m (distance in yd) x 0.9144 m/ydNote this gives the same conversion factor as above. The only thing to watch out for is for the intermediate units to cancel out.

Turbine Engine Classification, Benefits and Application Research Paper

Turbine Engine Classification, Benefits and Application - Research Paper Example The axial-flow engine functions by compressing the air through a series of rotating and stationary air-foils which in turn move the air parallel to the longitudinal axis. The centrifugal axial flow design, on the other hand, uses both kinds of compressors in order to achieve the desired compression. This machine has four sections: turbine section, combustion chamber, compressor, and the exhaust. Inlet air passes through the compressor section at a high rate of speed to the combustion chamber. In the combustion chamber, there are fuel inlet and the igniter for combustion. The turbine is driven by the expanding air which is connected to the compressor by a shaft to sustain the engine operation. This kind of engines is limited in terms of range and endurance. A turboprop engine is a turbine engine machine that divides a propeller through a reduction gear. Power turbine connected by a shaft is driven by the exhaust gases, and this drives the reduction gear assembly. Optimum propeller performance which is achieved at low speeds is brought about by the reduction gear. These machines are most efficient at high speeds of between 250 and 400 m.p.h and also performed well at slow airspeeds. These machines are nowadays used in small airliners and transport aircraft which are sufficient for landing and required for takeoff. This turbofan engine machine combines the best features of the turbojet and the turboprop. Turbofan engines are designed to increase thrust by diverting the airflow around the combustion chamber. This only increase the thrust without increasing fuel consumption. This is because it increases the total mass of air passing through the engine reducing the velocity within the same energy supplied. Most airlines nowadays are powered by turbofan engines. This machine is widely used in helicopters. Its a form of gas-turbine engine. It drives the helicopter rotor though it does not have a propeller.  

Factors affecting the rate of a chemical reaction The kinetics of a Lab Report

Factors affecting the rate of a chemical reaction The kinetics of a Thiosulfate Solution - Lab Report Example The first protonation occurs at the sulfur atom. (Holleman & Wiberg, 2001) Various approaches are used to study the kinetics of reactions. A usual procedure is to monitor some property, such as intensity of color due to a reactant or product, which changes during the course of a reaction. In the present experiment, the priority studied is the precipitation of a product, sulfur, which forms when solution of hydrochloric acid and Thiosulfate are mixed. On mixing a solution of acid, such as HCI, and a thiosulfate solution, there is an initial time-delay, then a precipitate of sulfur appears fairly sharply. The time interval between initial mixing and sulfur precipitation is a measure of the initial rate of reaction (i.e. the amount of time for a given amount of product, sulfur, to form). Recall that a rate for a chemical reaction is expressed as an amount of product formed (or reactant used up) divided by the time interval of the change: The aim of my experiment is to determine the dependence of the initial rate of reaction on the initial concentration of thiosulfate ion. The concentration of the other reactant, H+, will be kept constant. A higher initial concentration of thiosulfate will lead to faster rate of reaction, since an increase in the number of thiosulfate ions per unit volume will lead to higher probability for successful collision. (2) A solution of 1 M sodium thiosulfate, is available (center bench or hood). Add 70 mL of this solution to 210 mL of water to make a solution approximately 0.25 M in thiosulfate. We will refer to this as your "stock thiosulfate solution". (7) The experiment is now repeated four more times, using progressively more dilute thiosulfate solutions. Note, however, that for each experiment, the disappearance of the "X" corresponds to formation of the same amount of precipitated sulfur in the reaction mixture. The diluted solutions are prepared as follows: Both

Recommendations on Air Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Recommendations on Air Safety - Essay Example This essay involves a NTSB case study, involving Alaska Airlines flight 281 that crashed off the California coast, in the 1990's and touch upon another accident that took place earlier in 1996. The idea of projecting these two cases is to focus on how and what led to the demise of these aircrafts and what can be done to overcome such occurrences in future. All this with an emphasis on the financial implications on such airlines will be studied. The researcher first takes a look at the crash of a DC-9 ValuJet, flight 592 on May 11, 1996, with 110 passengers on board, and then a detailed investigation into the McDonnell Douglas MD-83 Alaska Airlines Flight 261 on January 31, 2000 carrying 83 passengers. In both these accidents there were no survivors. The researcher discusses what are the possible courses of action for maintenance of existing aircrafts, smooth and efficient functioning of ground staff, and better and safer aircrafts. The researcher also describes how can aircraft compa nies manage their existing infrastructure to compete and growth in such volatile atmosphere and can an airline with just a handful of outdated and over flown aircrafts be able to make an impression in the industry. Irrespective of these, no company can run efficiently without considering the cost v/s benefit factor. The researcher needs to consider the implications of the National Transportation Safety Board report on air safety and evolve a plan to correct any such mistake taking place in my airlines. 3.0 Case 1 ValuJet Flight 592 A DC-9 belonging to ValuJet, flight 592 with 110 passengers on board crashed into the Everglades on May 11, 1996, killing all on board instantaneously. ValuJet was created in 1993 with just two aircrafts. Gradually they expanded their strength to add three different series of aircraft: the MD-80, the DC9-30 and the DC9-20. The airline has flights from Atlanta to Florida. When ValuJet began operations, many analysts felt that they would not be able to compete with the other major players in that sector. However, the airline bosses were able to convince themselves that they would not just compete with their rivals but also grab a portion of the dense market segment. The success for ValuJet came from low operation costs, and second hand aircrafts.